Effect of side chain position on solar cell performance in cyclopentadithiophene-based copolymers

The photovoltaic properties of a series of low band-gap conjugated copolymers, in which alkyl side chains were substituted at various positions, were investigated using donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated copolymers consisting of a cyclopentadithiophene derivative and dithienyl-benzothiadiazole. The base polymer, which has no alkyl side chains, yielded promising power conversion efficiency of 3.8%. Polymers with alkyl side chains, however, exhibited significantly decreased performance. In addition, the effects of processing additive became negligible. The results indicate that substituted side chains, which were introduced to improve solubility, critically affected the optical and electronic properties of D-A conjugated copolymers. Furthermore, the position of the side chain was also very important for controlling the morphological properties of the D-A conjugated copolymers.     

Application of response surface methodology to drive GTN model parameters and determine the FLD of tailor welded blank

Tailor welded blanks (TWBs) have found great usage in auto industries; however there are some drawbacks, low formability and weld line movement, which hinder their applications. Prediction of their formability through forming limit diagrams (FLDs) enables one to consider the effects of forming parameters on forming behavior of TWBs. Different numerical approaches have been applied to predict the experimental FLD of these blanks. In the present research Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model was applied as failure criterion. The parameters of GTN model were firstly derived for both thin and thick monolithic blanks of studied TWB by application of response surface methodology. Then experimental method of obtaining FLD was simulated and FLD of transversely welded TWB was predicted using Abaqus software. The results indicate that the FLD of studied TWB is lower than those related to the parent sheets and there is an appropriate agreement between the predicted and experimental FLDs of the studied TWB.     

拖钩套筒复合冷挤压数值模拟与毛坯优化

将挤压模具视为刚体,采用有限元分析软件MARC,对拖钩套筒零件进行了冷挤压过程的数值模拟计算。根据各主要阶段等效应力及等效应变的分布,总结了挤压过程中金属材料塑性流动的规律。以最大挤压力为目标,对毛坯的尺寸进行了优化,为挤压工艺的改善提供了依据。根据计算结果,得出了挤压完成后零件所受最大主应力数值及其分布规律,为后期模具强度的研究奠定了基础。     

拖把支架注射模具设计

在分析拖把支架的结构特点和使用要求的基础上,设计了一套一模两腔的注射模具。实践证明,模具的浇注系统、冷却系统和斜导柱抽芯机构设计合理,动作可靠,塑件质量能满足设计要求。     

齿轮件自由锻工艺过程

主要介绍了齿轮件自由锻的基本工序：镦粗—垫环镦粗—冲孔—冲子扩孔—修整。设计与绘制了锻件图,计算了坯料尺寸,确定了锻造温度范围和所需要的自由锻设备,并介绍了带锯下料,感应加热。     

基于物理实验的平面压边精冲工艺研究

论述了平面压边精冲的机理和工艺方法,设计制造了实验模具,并对不同塑性和厚度的坯料进行了物理实验;分析了精冲过程中的冲裁力,研究了平面压边精冲工艺中材料塑性、模具的相对间隙、压边力和反顶力与剪切面光亮部位在剪切面中所占比值大小的相互关系。实验表明,平面压边精冲技术是一种有效提高工件冲裁剪切面质量而成本较低的工艺。通过对制件的流线分析和变形区硬度的检测,得出平面压边精冲工艺对工件的外周有很明显的加工硬化作用,而心部强度不变的结论。     

Uniform porous and functionally graded porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering for biomedical applications

Porous materials with low stiffness and high strength are sought as implant materials to prevent stress shielding and fracture during in vivo use. This study proposes a powder metallurgy-based space holder technique to fabricate porous titanium with mechanical performance suitable for implant materials. Mixed powders of titanium and sodium chloride were sintered at low temperature using spark plasma sintering, and then the sodium chloride was dissolved in water. As a result, uniform porous titanium (UP-Ti) with a wide range of microstructures: porosity from 26% to 80% and average pore size from 75 μm to 475 μm was successfully fabricated. Also, functionally graded porous titanium (FGP-Ti) was successfully fabricated, in which porous titanium with high porosity and dense titanium were placed at the inside and surface, respectively. The stiffness of UP-Ti was comparable to that of natural bones, but its strength was lower than that of natural bones, which would be insufficient for use as an implant. In contrast, the mechanical performance of FGP-Ti was improved, compared with UP-Ti with the porosity comparable to the average porosity of FGP-Ti: its strength was higher than that of natural bones and its stiffness was comparable to that of natural bones. These results imply that porous titanium, especially functionally graded porous titanium, is a candidate metal for implants used to replace heavily loaded natural bone.     

基于灰色关联分析的轧制差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形工艺参数多目标优化

目的 将充液拉深工艺引入轧制差厚板零件的成形,为了进一步掌握差厚板的充液拉深成形性能,对差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形过程进行研究。方法 通过理论推导获取临界液池压力公式,在此基础上运用数值模拟方法分析液池压力比对差厚板厚度减薄率和厚度过渡区移动量的影响,采用正交试验和灰色关联分析获取成形参数对差厚板盒形件成形性能的影响规律和最优参数组合,实现对差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形工艺参数的多目标优化。结果 随着薄?厚侧液池压力比的增大,差厚板最大厚度减薄率先减小后增大,过渡区移动量先增大后趋于平稳,薄?厚侧液池压力比为2较为合理。厚侧压边力、摩擦因数、薄?厚侧液池压力之比、薄?厚侧压边力之比、厚侧液池压力对差厚板盒形件充液拉深性能的影响程度依次减小。结论 采用灰色关联分析得到的最优工艺参数组合来完成差厚板盒形件的充液拉深成形,能够有效地抑制差厚板零件厚度的过分减薄及厚度过渡区的过度移动,进而提高差厚板的成形性能。     

6061铝合金飞机溢油口拉深成形研究

目的 掌握深腔薄壁溢油口拉深成形工艺,解决拉深成形过程中起皱和破裂问题,研究各参数对拉深成形的影响规律,最终成形出合格产品。方法 以6061铝合金飞机溢油口为主要研究对象,采用Dynaform有限元数值模拟软件建立有限元模型,分析成对拉深成形对材料流动的影响并与单一拉深成形进行对比,通过改变毛坯外形尺寸、凹凸模间隙和压边力等参数进行拉深成形模拟试验研究,最终通过拉深成形试验验证成形方法及各参数设置的合理性。结果 成对拉深成形能限制单一拉深成形圆弧开口位置材料收缩,改善开口处起皱和变形缺料的现象。随着凹凸模间隙的增大,最大减薄率逐渐降低而后升高,最佳成形凹凸模间隙为1.05t;随着压边力的增大,最大减薄率逐渐升高,最大增厚率逐渐降低,最佳成形压边力为50 kN;凹模圆角半径小于7 mm 时,板料最大减薄率逐渐减小,半径为4 mm时,最大减薄率下降最快,半径在7~8 mm范围内,板料最大减薄率趋于平稳,最佳成形凹模圆角半径为7 mm。结论 模拟得到了毛坯外形尺寸、凹凸模间隙和压边力等参数对拉深成形的影响规律,最终制造出了满足设计要求的产品,验证了各参数设置的合理性。     

地震作用下顺倾岩体边坡锚固界面剪切作用分析

基于FLAC 3D软件,尝试修正的cable单元建立全长黏结锚杆锚固顺倾岩体边坡数值分析模型,改进剪应力提取方法,分别模拟分析了锚杆-注浆体界面上和注浆体-岩体界面上的剪切作用及其演化。研究发现:注浆体-岩体界面上比杆体-注浆体界面上的剪应力小得多,且均以锚杆上的中性点为界方向相反,分布很不均匀,中性点附近大,锚杆两端小,随边坡地震响应增强锚固界面脱粘并向锚杆两端发展,直至全部脱粘致使锚固破坏。获得了地震波作用下边坡两锚固界面上剪应力及其分布和脱粘破坏过程,揭示了锚固界面上的剪切相互作用和锚固破坏机制,并得到了试验印证。为边坡锚固设计和施工提供了参考。